If a person’s knee is severely damaged due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, arthritis, or any other physical injury, they may lose the ability to perform simple daily activities like walking or climbing stairs. In such cases, even while sitting or lying down, they may experience severe knee pain. If medication, reduced physical activity, or using support while walking does not provide temporary relief, a total knee replacement surgery is the last resort to alleviate the patient’s suffering.

• • Severe knee pain that limits movement.
  • Chronic knee swelling that restricts activity.
  • Knee deformity, such as inward or outward rotation.
  • Knee stiffness and inability to bend or straighten the knee.

• • Blood clots, especially in the veins of the lower limbs.
  • Loosening of the prosthesis inside the bone.
  • Infection, bleeding, and embolism.

• • • Blood tests and urine culture before surgery.
    • Electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart and vascular conditions.
    • Knee X-ray to determine the extent of damage and deformity.
    • MRI or bone scan as per the doctor’s instructions to examine the soft tissues around the knee.
    • Any infections, skin allergies, or swelling in the legs must be reported.
    • Inform the doctor about all medications being taken.
    • A dental check-up and treatment of any dental issues.
    • Treatment of any urinary tract, bladder, or other infections.
    • Blood-thinning medications should be discontinued 3-5 days before surgery (as advised by the doctor).

• • The surgery takes approximately two hours, during which the surgeon removes the damaged part of the knee and replaces it with an artificial joint. In cases of knee osteoarthritis, the damaged cartilage and bone are replaced with metal and plastic surfaces designed to restore movement and function. The materials used in knee replacement are designed to allow the joint to move similarly to a natural knee.

• • • To prevent blood clots and reduce leg inflammation, use compression stockings and blood-thinning medications as prescribed by the doctor. Regular leg exercises should also be performed.

      • Take antibiotics as prescribed and monitor the surgical site for swelling, stiffness, or discharge. Report any unusual symptoms to the doctor to prevent post-surgical infections.
      • During the first two years after surgery, take antibiotics before any surgical or dental procedures as per the doctor’s instructions.
      • Attend scheduled follow-up visits to check the condition of the replaced knee.
      • Regularly check the sensation and movement of the toes.
      • Keep stitches dry until they are removed.

• • • • Follow all activity guidelines given by the doctor and physiotherapist.
      • Be cautious to avoid falls, as any fall can damage the replaced knee.
      • Continue light physical exercises for life to maintain joint movement and muscle strength.

• • • • Ensure that staircases have railings.
      • Install a grab bar in the bathroom for support.
      • Use a high toilet seat with hand supports for easier sitting and standing.
      • Place a high chair in the bathroom for comfort.
      • Remove soft rugs that may cause slipping.
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• • • • Follow a high-fiber diet with plenty of fluids to aid digestion, prevent constipation, and improve appetite.
      • Consume a protein-rich, high-calorie, and vitamin-enriched diet.
      • Eating vegetables, citrus fruits, and fresh juices rich in vitamin C can help speed up wound healing.
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• • • • Increased pain and swelling in the lower legs.
      • Shortness of breath and chest pain, fever, and chills.
      • Redness, stiffness, swelling, or discharge from the knee surgery site.
      • Worsening knee pain with activity or even at rest.
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