Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, causing it to appear in an “S” or “C” shape. This condition can occur in any part of the spine but is most commonly seen in the thoracic (chest) or lower back region. Scoliosis may develop during childhood or adolescence and, if progressive, can lead to complications such as back pain, physical deformities, and, in severe cases, respiratory problems.

• • Scoliosis surgery aims to correct spinal curvature, stabilize the spine, and prevent further progression. The most common surgical procedure is spinal fusion, in which the affected vertebrae are fused to form a solid bone. To achieve this, the surgeon uses bone grafts along with implants such as rods, screws, and hooks to align and stabilize the spine.

    This surgery is typically performed posteriorly (from the back), but in some cases, anterior (from the front) or a combination of both approaches may be used. The choice of surgical method depends on the location and severity of the curvature, the patient’s age, and other individual factors.

• • Medical Evaluations:

    • Comprehensive Examination: The doctor reviews the patient’s medical history and conducts a physical examination.
    • Imaging Tests: X-ray, MRI, or CT scans are performed to assess the spinal curvature in detail.

    Physical Preparation:

    • Physical Therapy: Specific exercises recommended by a physiotherapist to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility.
    • Healthy Nutrition: A well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals to boost immunity and promote healing.

    Psychological Preparation:

    • Counseling: Discussing surgery details, benefits, risks, and postoperative expectations with the doctor.
    • Emotional Support: Consulting a psychologist if needed to reduce anxiety and stress related to surgery.

    Pre-Surgery Instructions:

    • Fasting: Avoid eating and drinking at least 8 hours before surgery.
    • Hygiene: Take a shower with an antiseptic soap the night before and the morning of the surgery.
    • Medications: Inform the doctor about all medications being taken and follow instructions on whether to continue or stop them before surgery.

• • • Pain Management:

      • Medications: Use prescribed pain relievers to control postoperative pain.
      • Non-Pharmacological Methods: Deep breathing, meditation, and music therapy can help reduce pain and stress.

      Physical Activity:

      • Early Mobilization: Begin moving and walking under medical supervision as soon as possible to prevent complications such as blood clots.
      • Restrictions: Avoid lifting heavy objects, bending, or twisting the back until permitted by the doctor.

      Wound Care:

      • Hygiene: Keep the surgical site clean and dry and change dressings as instructed by the doctor.
      • Infection Monitoring: Check the wound daily for redness, swelling, discharge, or foul odor and report any abnormalities.

      Nutrition:

      • Diet: Consume foods rich in protein, vitamin C, and calcium to support healing and strengthen the immune system.

• • • • Timeline: Returning to routine activities such as work or school may take several weeks to months, depending on medical advice.
      • Exercise: Begin light physical activity with the doctor’s approval and avoid contact sports or strenuous activities until full spinal recovery.

• • • Contact your doctor or healthcare provider immediately if you experience:

      • Severe and persistent pain that does not improve with painkillers or worsens over time.
      • Signs of infection: Fever above 38°C (100.4°F), chills, redness, swelling, or discharge from the surgical site.